What changes

Earlier tactical substitutions are often associated with an 8–18% relative increase in late-game scoring involvement.

When this tends to work

• Conditions similar to: Professional soccer match analysis, top leagues, 2018–2024
• You can measure Goals scored in final 20 minutes reliably
• The intervention is implemented consistently, not half-measured

When to be careful

• Your audience or product differs materially from the cited context
• Compliance costs or second-order effects outweigh the lift
• Evidence label is study—treat wide ranges as planning bands, not promises

Practical takeaway

Use the cited range for prioritization and test design. Verify against your own data before scaling.