What changes

Avoiding checked bags on fee-heavy carriers often saves 8–18% on total per-person flight cost for domestic round trips.

When this tends to work

• Conditions similar to: US legacy and low-cost carriers, round-trip domestic, 2023–2025
• You can measure Airfare plus baggage fees per passenger reliably
• The intervention is implemented consistently, not half-measured

When to be careful

• Your audience or product differs materially from the cited context
• Compliance costs or second-order effects outweigh the lift
• Evidence label is estimate—treat wide ranges as planning bands, not promises

Practical takeaway

Use the cited range for prioritization and test design. Verify against your own data before scaling.